José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
- Born:
- June 19, 1861, Calamba, Laguna, Philippines
- Died:
- December 30, 1896, Manila, Philippines
- Nationality:
- Filipino
- Profession(s):
- Novelist, Poet, Ophthalmologist, Journalist, Revolutionary, Polymath
Early Life and Education
- Received early education from his mother and private tutors.
- Attended Ateneo Municipal de Manila, graduating with honors.
- Studied medicine at the University of Santo Tomas, later specializing in ophthalmology in Spain and Germany.
Career and Major Achievements
- Became a prominent member of the Propaganda Movement, advocating for reforms in the Philippines under Spanish colonial rule.
- Founded La Liga Filipina, a civic organization promoting social reform.
- Exiled to Dapitan, Mindanao, where he practiced medicine, taught, and engaged in community development projects.
- Arrested, tried, and executed for sedition in 1896.
Notable Works
- Noli Me Tangere (1887): A novel exposing the social ills and abuses of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines.
- El Filibusterismo (1891): A sequel to Noli Me Tangere, further exploring themes of revolution and social change.
- Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell): A poem written on the eve of his execution, expressing his love for his country.
- Published numerous essays and articles advocating for political and social reform.
Legacy and Impact
José Rizal's writings and actions significantly influenced the Philippine Revolution and the development of Filipino nationalism. He is considered a national hero of the Philippines and his works continue to be studied and celebrated for their literary merit and social commentary. His complex story is captured in the life and works of Rizal, a subject of continuing interest in Philippine studies.